JUJITSU

Bilingual Reference Guide

ARTE
SUAVE

Everything you need to speak the language of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu — terms, culture, big names, and phrases. In English and Portuguese.

Positions

Posições
Position
Guard
Guarda
Lying on your back with legs controlling the opponent. The foundation of BJJ offense and defense.
Position
Closed Guard
Guarda Fechada
Legs locked at the ankles behind the opponent's back. The classic guard — pulling the opponent close and controlling posture.
Position
Mount
Montada
Sitting on top of the opponent's chest. One of the most dominant positions — earns 4 points in competition.
Position
Back Mount
Tomada de Costas
Controlling from behind with hooks inserted into the hips. The highest-scoring position — 4 points. Exposes the neck.
Position
Side Control
Cem Quilos
Chest-to-chest across the opponent at 90°. "Cem quilos" (100 kilos) — because the pressure feels like a ton.
Position
Half Guard
Meia Guarda
One of the opponent's legs trapped between both of yours. An active fighting position — great for sweeps and submissions.
Position
Turtle
Posição Tartaruga
On all fours, protecting the neck. A defensive shell used to recover guard or survive pressure on the ground.
Position
Knee on Belly
Joelho na Barriga
One knee pressing into the opponent's stomach. Extremely uncomfortable — forces reactions and earns 2 points.

Submissions

Finalizações
Submission
Arm Bar / Armlock
Chave de Braço
Hyperextending the elbow over your hips. The most iconic BJJ submission — works from mount, guard, and back.
Submission
Rear Naked Choke
Mata Leão
Arm around the neck from back mount, squeezing to cut blood flow. "Mata Leão" means lion killer.
Submission
Triangle Choke
Triângulo
Legs forming a triangle around the neck and one arm from guard. One of the most versatile submissions in the sport.
Submission
Guillotine
Guilhotina
Front headlock choke when the opponent ducks their head. Fast, effective, and very common in MMA.
Submission
Kimura
Chave de Ombro
Figure-four grip rotating the shoulder joint. Named after judoka Kimura who submitted Hélio Gracie in 1951.
Submission
Omoplata
Omoplata
A shoulder lock using the legs from guard. "Omoplata" literally means shoulder blade in Portuguese.
Submission
Bow & Arrow Choke
Arco e Flecha
A gi collar choke from back control, pulling lapel and leg in opposite directions. Devastating finish rate.
Submission
Heel Hook
Chave de Calcanhar
Twisting the knee via the heel. Considered dangerous — restricted to higher belts. The modern no-gi meta revolves around these.

Moves & Escapes

Movimentos
Move
Sweep
Raspagem
Reversing the opponent from guard — bottom to top. Worth 2 points. Using their weight against them.
Move
Takedown
Derrubada
Taking the fight from standing to the ground. Throws (judo) or shots (wrestling). Worth 2 points.
Move
Guard Pass
Passagem de Guarda
Getting past the opponent's legs to reach side control or mount. Worth 3 points — one of the most valued skills.
Move
Shrimp / Hip Escape
Camarão
Sliding the hips away to create space and recover guard. The first movement every beginner drills.
Move
Sprawl
Sprawl
Throwing hips back and down to stuff a takedown attempt. The primary wrestling defense in BJJ.
Move
Bridge (Upa)
Ponte / Upa
Exploding hips upward to unbalance an opponent in mount. Combined with a shrimp — the classic mount escape.

Key Concepts

Conceitos-chave
Concept
Tap / Tap Out
Bater / Dar o Tap
Tapping the mat or opponent to signal submission. Safety first — "tap early, tap often."
Concept
Roll / Rolling
Rolar / Treino Vivo
Live sparring with a partner. "Let's roll" = "let's spar." The core of all BJJ training.
Concept
Gi / Kimono
Kimono / Gi
The traditional thick jacket and pants uniform. The collar and sleeves become weapons — grips, chokes, and control.
Concept
No-Gi
Sem Kimono
Training without the gi — shorts and a rash guard. Faster and more wrestling-based. Growing rapidly in popularity.
Concept
Leverage
Alavanca
Using mechanics to multiply force. The philosophy of BJJ: a smaller person can defeat a larger one through leverage.
Concept
Base
Base
Your balance and stability. Good base makes you hard to sweep or throw — low hips and a wide stance.
Concept
Pressure
Pressão
Making your weight feel crushing through smart distribution. Heavy top players grind opponents into submission.
Concept
Posture
Postura
Keeping your spine upright, especially inside guard. Without posture you'll be choked or swept in seconds.
Culture
Oss!
Oss!
The universal BJJ greeting — respect, acknowledgment, effort. Said when bowing, receiving a technique, or entering the mat.
Culture
Professor
Professor / Professora
The title given to a BJJ instructor. A term of deep respect — regardless of their belt rank.
Culture
The Gentle Art
A Arte Suave
BJJ's poetic nickname. "Gentle" because technique and leverage defeat brute strength — not because it's easy on the body.
Culture
Mat Time
Horas de Tatame
The hours you put in on the mat. In BJJ, there are no shortcuts — mat time is the only true currency of experience.

Phrases on the Mat

Frases no Tatame
ENGLISH
PORTUGUÊS
Let's roll!
Bora treinar! / Vamos rolar!
Tap! Tap!
Bate! / Tá batendo!
Good roll, man.
Bom treino, cara.
Work on your guard.
Trabalha a guarda.
Keep your elbows in!
Fecha os cotovelos!
Don't muscle it — use technique.
Não força — usa a técnica.
How long have you been training?
Há quanto tempo você treina?
Which academy do you train at?
Em qual academia você treina?
The gentle art never lies.
A arte suave não mente.
The black belt is just the beginning.
A faixa preta é só o começo.

Belt System

Sistema de Faixas
White Belt Faixa Branca
Everyone starts here. Focus on surviving, learning the fundamentals — guard, mount, side control, basic submissions. The hardest belt because everything is new and confusing.
Start to reach
Blue Belt Faixa Azul
You've built a solid foundation and can handle most beginners. Techniques start to connect into systems. This is where many people quit — called the "blue belt blues." A huge community milestone.
1–2 yrs to reach
Purple Belt Faixa Roxa
The intermediate stage. You have a real game — positions and submissions you dominate. You start teaching lower belts. The purple belt gap is often the longest in time spent.
3–5 yrs to reach
Brown Belt Faixa Marrom
Advanced — you're refining details and plugging gaps. Brown belts are often described as "almost black belts who need polishing." Competition results matter more here.
5–8 yrs to reach
Black Belt Faixa Preta
The most famous milestone in martial arts — and in BJJ, just the beginning of a new journey. Black belts have 6 degrees (graus). The 7th degree is coral belt. Many practitioners never reach it. Worth everything.
8–15 yrs to reach
Coral Belt Faixa Coral
Awarded to black belts who have reached the 7th and 8th degree. Reserved for those who have dedicated their life to BJJ and made an impact on the art itself. Rare and deeply honoured.
30+ yrs to reach
Red Belt Faixa Vermelha
The 9th and 10th degree — the highest honour in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Only a handful of people in history have held this rank. Hélio and Carlos Gracie are among them. A living legend status.
50+ yrs to reach

Big Teams

Grandes Equipes
Gracie Barra
Founded 1986 · Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
GB
The world's largest BJJ organization, founded by Carlos Gracie Jr. With over 900 schools across 60+ countries, Gracie Barra is the McDonald's of BJJ — a standardized curriculum, uniforms, and global reach. The flagship team for structured learning and community culture.
Schools
900+
Countries
60+
Founded by
Carlos Gracie Jr.
Known for
Global reach, curriculum
Key names: Roger Gracie, Marcus Buchecha, Victor Estima, Romulo Barral, Gabrielle Garcia
Alliance
Founded 1993 · São Paulo, Brazil
AL
One of the most decorated competition teams in BJJ history. Founded by Romero "Jacaré" Cavalcanti, Fabio Gurgel, and Alexandre Paiva, Alliance has produced more world champions per capita than almost any other team. Known for aggressive, technical competition jiu-jitsu.
World Titles
100+
Style
Competition-focused
Founded by
Jacaré & Gurgel
Known for
Technical dominance
Key names: Marcelo Garcia, Cobrinha, Gabi Garcia, Ary Farias, Tainan Dalpra
Checkmat
Founded 2008 · Brazil / USA
CM
A powerhouse team founded by Leo Vieira and Ricardo Vieira after leaving Alliance. Checkmat rapidly became a world-class competition force. Known for producing elite guard players and high-level no-gi competitors. Strong presence in the United States.
World Titles
50+
Style
Guard & No-Gi elite
Founded by
Leo & Ricardo Vieira
Known for
Guard innovation
Key names: Rafa Mendes, Gui Mendes, Bernardo Faria, Rodolfo Vieira, Clark Gracie
Atos Jiu-Jitsu
Founded 2008 · San Diego, USA
AT
Founded by André Galvão after leaving Alliance, Atos became one of the most dominant no-gi teams in the world. Based in San Diego, Atos is the home of elite submission grapplers and the epicentre of the modern leg-lock revolution in no-gi competition.
World Titles
80+
Style
No-Gi / leg attacks
Founded by
André Galvão
Known for
No-gi dominance
Key names: André Galvão, JT Torres, Keenan Cornelius, Ffion Davies, Pedro Marinho
Gracie Humaità
Founded ~1925 · Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
GH
The original Gracie academy — the birthplace of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Named after the street in Rio where Hélio and Carlos Gracie first taught. Every single BJJ lineage traces back to this school. Rickson and Royce Gracie's home team.
Legacy
100 years
Known for
Origin of BJJ
Founded by
Hélio & Carlos Gracie
Style
Self-defense rooted
Key names: Hélio Gracie, Carlos Gracie Sr., Rickson Gracie, Royce Gracie, Royler Gracie
New Wave Jiu-Jitsu
Founded 2022 · Florida, USA
NW
The newest superteam — Gordon Ryan's own organization, founded after leaving Danaher Death Squad. New Wave is redefining the no-gi landscape with a hyper-systematic approach to back control and leg attacks. Already one of the most feared teams in submission grappling.
Style
No-Gi systematic
Known for
Back & leg system
Founded by
Gordon Ryan
Titles
Growing fast
Key names: Gordon Ryan, Nicky Ryan, Nicky Rod, PJ Barch, Ethan Crelinsten

Big Names

Grandes Nomes
Hélio Gracie
Hélio Gracie
Co-founder of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
1913 – 2009 Red Belt 9° Gracie Humaità Legend
Physically frail as a child, Hélio adapted judo techniques to rely on leverage instead of strength — and in doing so created BJJ as we know it. He fought vale tudo matches into his 40s and lived to 95. His philosophy that a smaller, weaker person can defeat a larger opponent is the entire foundation of the art.
Team: Gracie Humaità
CG
Carlos Gracie Sr.
Co-founder of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
1902 – 1994 Red Belt 9° Gracie Humaità Patriarch
Learned judo from Mitsuyo Maeda in Belém do Pará and started teaching it in Rio de Janeiro in 1925. Carlos opened the first Gracie Academy and established the family's challenge match tradition — inviting anyone to fight to prove the effectiveness of their art. Fathered 21 children, many of whom became BJJ legends.
Team: Gracie Humaità
Rickson Gracie
Rickson Gracie
Undefeated Vale Tudo Legend
Undefeated Black Belt 9° Gracie Humaità Hélio's Son
Widely considered the greatest Gracie fighter of all time by those who trained with him. His vale tudo record is rumoured to be over 400-0, though official records are disputed. Fought in Japan in the 1990s — his fights against Yoji Anjo and in the Pride Fighting Championships are iconic. Films like "Choke" (1999) document his philosophy. Known for breathing techniques and an almost spiritual connection to Jiu-Jitsu.
Team: Gracie Humaità
Royce Gracie
Royce Gracie
UFC 1, 2 & 4 Champion
UFC 1993–1995 Black Belt 7° Gracie Humaità Pioneer
Chosen to represent the Gracie family in the first UFC in 1993 — won by submitting larger opponents from different disciplines in a single night. His victories in UFC 1, 2, and 4 shocked the martial arts world and made BJJ a global phenomenon. Hélio's son, Rickson's brother. His name is permanently tied to the birth of modern MMA.
Team: Gracie Humaità
Roger Gracie
Roger Gracie
10× World Champion — The GOAT
10× World Champion 2× ADCC Champion Gracie Barra GOAT
Son of Maurição Gomes and nephew of Carlos Gracie Jr. Widely regarded as the greatest competitor in BJJ history. Famous for defeating elite black belts with the most basic submissions — cross choke from mount, rear naked choke. Won absolute and open weight divisions simultaneously at multiple worlds. His technical purity set the standard for an entire generation.
Team: Gracie Barra
Marcelo Garcia
Marcelo Garcia
5× World Champion, 4× ADCC Champion
5× BJJ World 4× ADCC Alliance Legend
Considered by many the greatest no-gi grappler ever. Famous for his lightning guillotine and the north-south choke he practically invented for competition. Consistently defeated opponents 30–40 lbs heavier than him at ADCC. Known as much for his humble, gentle spirit as his devastating technique. His open mat in NYC became a pilgrimage site for elite BJJ players worldwide.
Team: Alliance
Marcus Buchecha
Marcus "Buchecha" Almeida
13× World Champion — Most Decorated Heavyweight
13× World Champ Checkmat Heavyweight MMA Fighter
The most decorated heavyweight in BJJ history, with 13 world championship titles across multiple weight divisions including the absolute. Known for explosive athleticism, relentless pressure passing, and a dominant top game. Fought Roger Gracie in an epic superfight. Transitioned to MMA in 2020 and went undefeated in his first 12 fights in ONE Championship.
Team: Checkmat
Gordon Ryan
Gordon Ryan
No-Gi World Champion — Current #1
3× ADCC Champion No-Gi World Champ New Wave BJJ Dominant Era
Widely regarded as the best no-gi submission grappler alive. Trained under John Danaher — the most celebrated grappling coach of his generation — and developed a hyper-systematic approach to back control and leg attacks. Known for his physical transformation, vocal personality, and absolute dominance at ADCC. Founded New Wave Jiu-Jitsu in 2022. His rivalry with André Galvão is one of the great chapters in modern grappling.
Team: New Wave Jiu-Jitsu
Bernardo Faria
Bernardo Faria
5× World Champion & Leading Instructor
5× World Champ 1× ADCC Checkmat Top Instructor
Five-time world champion famous for his deep half guard and smothering over-under pressure passing — techniques that redefined how the community thinks about top control. As influential off the mat as on it: his YouTube channel and BJJ Fanatics instructionals have taught millions. Known for his approachable, enthusiastic personality and genuine passion for sharing the art.
Team: Checkmat
André Galvão
André Galvão
Multiple World Champion & ADCC Champion
7× BJJ World 4× ADCC Atos BJJ Founder
One of the most complete grapplers of his generation. Founded Atos Jiu-Jitsu in San Diego after leaving Alliance, building it into one of the top no-gi teams in the world. A four-time ADCC champion who fought until his 40s — he met Gordon Ryan in a superfight at ADCC 2022 in one of the most anticipated matches in submission grappling history.
Team: Atos Jiu-Jitsu